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Saturday, March 8, 2025

ENGLISH GRAMMAR I

 

Hello, friends!
Did you know that every language has its own set of letters called an alphabet? Remember, the word alphabet doesn’t refer to a single letter but rather the entire set of letters in a language. So, it isn’t proper to say “alphabet A”; instead, it’s just “letter A,” which is one part of the English alphabet.

Here’s something fascinating: The word alphabet comes from the first two letters of the Greek alphabet—alpha and beta—which correspond to a and b in English. That’s why alphabet means the entire sequence of letters, like a, b, c, and so on.

When we combine some of these letters to form a meaningful group, we get a word. And here’s where the fun begins—words can play different roles, just like characters in a story:

  • Nouns are the stars of the show—they name people, animals, places, or things. Think of them as the who or what of any sentence. For example, dog, mountain, or Emma.
  • Adjectives are like artists, painting pictures of those nouns. They tell us if the dog is playful, the mountain is tall, or Emma is curious.
  • Verbs bring the action! They’re the doers—jumping, singing, thinking, or even sleeping (yes, that’s an action too!).
  • Adverbs add flair to the verbs, showing how, when, or where something happens. A dog can bark loudly, Emma can climb a mountain quickly, and the sun can shine brightly.
  • Conjunctions are the glue holding everything together. They link words and ideas, like bridges between thoughts. For instance, and, but, or because.
  • Prepositions are your navigators, pointing out where things are or when they happen. The book on the table, the cat under the bed, or the party at noon—all use prepositions to make sense.

Language is truly amazing, isn’t it? Now that we’ve introduced these parts of speech, let’s explore how they work together to create beautiful sentences!

As we’ve seen, some words are naming words, which we call nouns. Let’s take an example:
Emma is a girl.
In this sentence, there are two nouns: Emma and girl.

Emma is the name of a particular girl. Since it is a specific name, we call it a proper noun.

The word girl can refer to any girl. It is a name that is common to all girls, so we call it a common noun.

Here’s another example:
Canada is a country.
In this sentence:

  • Canada is a specific name, so it is a proper noun.
  • Country can refer to any country, making it a common noun.

In short:

  • A name common to every person or thing of the same class is a common noun (e.g., boy, chair, country, city, girl).
  • The name of a specific person or place is called a proper noun (proper meaning "one’s own") (e.g., Canada, India, Emma, Tom).

There are a couple of things to take note of here:

  1. Proper nouns always start with a capital letter (or uppercase), like India.
  2. A proper noun can become a common noun when used with an article (a, an, the).

For example:
a) Sachin is the Bradman of India. (Here, Bradman is not referring to a specific individual but is used to mean "any excellent batsman.")
b) Rahim is a Kalidasa in his village. (Here, a Kalidasa means "any great poet.")

 

Before we call it a day, here is a brief recap:

The naming words are called nouns. When a noun refers to a thing or a person of the same class, it is called a common noun; when it refers to a specific person or place, it is called a proper noun and it starts with a capital letter.

 Enough for today!

Alright, friends?_______________________________________________________________________

EXERCISE:

 1.     What does the word "alphabet" mean?

a) A single letter
b) A group of letters forming a word
c) The entire set of letters in a language
d) A single language

2.     From which language does the word "alphabet" originate?
a) Latin
b) Greek
c) English
d) Sanskrit

3.     Which of the following is true?

a)     It is proper to say “alphabet A”

b)     Proper nouns start with a capital letter

c)     Proper nouns can never be common nouns

d)     All common nouns start with an upper case

4.     Choose the correct sentences from the following options.

a)     Mumbai is the Manchester of India

b)     Mumbai is Manchester of India

c)     Alappuzha is Venice of Kerala

d)     Alappuzha is the Venice of Kerala

5.     Which of the following uses a proper noun as a common noun?

a)     Shakespeare is one of the greatest dramatists of all times

b)     The Taj Mahal is a historical monument

c)     It takes great genius to become an Einstein these days

d)     Wherever you travel in Kozhikode, you meet people of warmth.

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ANSWERS

1.     c) Alphabet refers to the entire set of letters in a language, not any individual letter

2.     b) The word “alphabet” originates from the Greek language

3.     b) All proper nouns start with a capital letter

4.     b) & d). Since “Manchester” (a city of textiles) and “Venice” (a port city) are used as common nouns they need to be prefixed with the article “the”.

5.     c) Since “an Einstein” is used in the sentence, it works as a common noun.

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