We' ve been on and off looking at a few analogical problems.
Today, let's exclusively focus on some general patterns in analogies.
Before we look at the patterns, let's view a few tips for cracking the problems in analogies:
1. Before we look at the choices, we have to formulate a relationship between the head pair of words.
2. We must learn to recognize common types of analogies.
3. We have to eliminate answer pairs that are clearly wrong.
4. We must be aware of possible correct answers given in the reverse order.
5. If more than one answer is possible, we analyze the words again.
Now, look at a few examples:
BACCHUS: DRINK
A. Orpheus: Eurydice
B. Amazon: ruler
C. Diana: hunt
D. Zeus: Olympus
E. Plato: Aristotle
Bacchus is the god of wine; Diana is the goddess of hunt.
EXCERPT: NOVEL
A. critique: play
B.review : manuscript
C. swatch: cloth
D. foreword: preface
E. recital: performance
Excerpt is a part of novel; swatch is part of a piece of cloth.
INELUCTABLE: AVOID
A. ineffable: utter
B.impalpable: desire
C.impermeable: endure
D.irascible: provoke
E.irreconcilable: estrange
Something ineluctable is impossible to be avoided; something ineffable is impossible to be uttered.
What matters in analogies is the relation between the the given words. Before looking at the choices make a brief sentence expressing the relation between the words.
EXAMPLES:
1. FISH: SCHOOL
A school is group of fish.
2. JOURNALIST: TYPEWRITER
A journalist uses the typewriter as a tool.
3. ORCHESTRA: MUSICIAN
An orchestra consists of musicians.
Now, let's look at the various types of analogies:
I. SYNONYMS and their VARIANTS:
Synonyms are words with similar meanings and the same part of speech. In synonym variants words have similar meanings but different parts of speech.
Examples:
1. VERBOSE(wordy): WORDINESS
2.SOLICITOUS(concerned): CONCERN
3.BACKSLIDING(slipping): RECIDIVISM
4. PERSPICACIOUS(insightful): INSIGHT
II. ANTONYMS and theirVARIANTS
Antonyms are words of opposite meanings but of the same parts of speech. Antonym variants have different parts of speech.
Examples:
1. NERVOUS(unpoised): POISE
2. INIQUITOUS(unvirtuous): VIRTUE
3. PEERLESS(matchless): MATCH
4. ABSTINENT(starving): GORGE(eat too much)
III. MEMBER and CLASS
In this type the first term may be an element of a class the second term suggests
or vice versa.
Examples:
1. SNAKE: INVERTEBRATE
2. PENGUIN: BIRD
3. SALAMANDER: AMPHIBIAN
4. SONNET: POEM
5. METAPHYSICS: PHILOSOPHY
IV DEGREE OF INTENSITY
Here two words express the same concept but one will be stronger in implications than the other.
Examples:
1.INTEREST: OBSESSION
2.BREEZE: TEMPEST
3.FOND: DOTING
4.GRASPING(GREEDY): RAPACIOUS
V DEFINITION
This is the most common type. Here we can use one word to define the other.
Examples:
1.LION: CARNIVORE
2.SHARK: SCAVENGER
3.SANCTUARY: REFUGE
TAXONOMIST: CLASSIFY
OTHER TYPES OF ANALOGIES
I
PART TO WHOLE
ACTOR: TROUPE
PLOTTER: CABAL
ISLAND: ARCHIPELAGO
CANTO: POEM
II
FUNCTION
ASYLUM: REFUGE
An asylum provides refuge.
BALLAST: STABILITY
A ballast provides stability.
MNEMONIC: MEMORY
A mnemonic aids memory.
III.
MANNER
PRATTLE: SPEAK
To prattle is to in an idle manner.
PROMENADE: WALK
To promenade is to walk in an idle manner.
MUMBLE: TALK
To mumble is to talk indistinctly.
IV.
ACTION& ITS IMPORT
WINCE: PAIN
Wince signifies pain.
BLUSH: DISCOMFITURE
Blush signifies discomfiture.
PROSTRATION: SUBMISSIVENESS
Prostration signifies submissiveness.
V.
WORKERS &THEIR ARTICLES
POET: ODE
A poet creates an ode.
ARCHITECT: BLUEPRINT
An architect creates a blueprint.
MASON: WALL
A mason builds a wall.
VI.
WORKERS & THEIR TOOLS
PAINTER: BRUSH
REAPER: SICKLE
CARPENTER: VISE
VII
WORKER & WORK
ACROBAT: CARTWHEEL
An acrobat performs a cartwheel.
FINANCIER: INVESTMENT
A financier makes an investment.
TENOR: ARIA
A tenor sings an aria.
VIII
WORKER &WORKPLACE
MUSICIAN: CONSERVATORY
SCULPTOR: ATELIER
MINER: QUARRY
LAWYER: COURT
UMPIRE: DIAMOND
IX
TOOL & ITS FUNCTION
DRILL: BORE
CROWBAR: PRY
SIEVE: SIFT
X
CAUSE & EFFECT
SOPORIFIC: SLEEP
SUDORIFIC: SWEAT
TONIC: INVIGORATION
EMOLLIENT: SOOTHING
COAGULANT: CLOTTING
XI
GENDER
DOE: STAG
VIXEN: FOX
MARE: STEED
WOMAN: MAN
DUCK: DRAKE
GOOSE: GANDER
XII SYMBOL & ITS MEANING
DOVE: PEACE
Dove is the symbol of peace.
SPHINX: ENIGMA
Sphinx is a symbol of enigma.
XIII
SPATIAL ORDER
ROOF: FOUNDATION
BASEMENT: ATTIC
ZENITH:NADIR
SPATIAL ORDER
ROOF: FOUNDATION
BASEMENT: ATTIC
ZENITH:NADIR
XIV
ITEM TO CATEGORY
IGUANA: REPTILE
CAT: MAMMAL
XV
SMALL Vs BIG
PEBBLE: BOULDER
BROOK: RIVER
FIGURINE: COLOSSUS
XVI
TYPE Vs GENERAL
LILAC: FLOWER
TERMITE: INSECT
PUN: JOKE
XVII
INDIVIDUAL Vs GROUP
LION: PRIDE
WITCH: COVEN
QUAIL: COVEY
GOOSE: GAGGLE
FISH: SCHOOL
XVIII
PERSON & QUALITY
SKEPTIC: DOUBT
SAGE: WISDOM
LOGICIAN: RATIONALITY
XIX
YOUNG & ADULT
SAPLING: TREE
ACORN: OAK
NOVICE: NOVA
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