72: READING

SPECIFIC QUESTIONS
 

Biologists have long known that some types of electromagnetic radiation such as X rays and gamma rays can be dangerous to human beings. Operating at a frequency of 10 to the power of 18 through 10 to the power of 22 mhz, these rays, which are well above the visible light spectrum, were first detected in the early years of the twentieth century. However, until now, no one has ever suggested that microwave radiation might also be harmful. In preliminary laboratory results, Cleary and Milham have found elevated growth rates in cancer cells exposed to low doses of microwaves. Cleary exposed cancer cells to levels of radiation that are commonly found in microwave ovens and found that the abnormal cells grew 30 percent faster than did unexposed cells. Milham’s study focused on ham radio operators who are commonly exposed to levels of radiation slightly higher than those emitted by cellular telephones. He discovered elevated levels of myeloid leukemia. The methodology of Cleary and Milham has been questioned by other scientists in the field. However, no one seriously disputes that their preliminary finding must be taken seriously or that new studies should be set up to try to duplicate their results. Although federal guidelines for how much electromagnetic energy can be allowed to enter the work and home environment have been made more stringent since they were first implemented in 1982, the recent studies pose troubling questions about the safety of microwaves.  


According to the passage, a study of ham radio operators might be expected to find which of the following?


  o The presence of X rays and gamma rays.  


o Unusual cells growing 30% faster than normal o 


A level of radiation exposure similar to that found in microwave ovens


  o Higher levels of a particular type of leukemia  


o Levels of radiation identical to those emitted by cellular phones 


When the question is specific, find out a phrase of reference in the question. 


In the above case, we have ‘a study of ham operators’. 


Locate the phrase and read the entire sentence; some times read a sentence above or below the sentence of reference.

INFERENCE QUESTIONS


 

Biologists have long known that some types of electromagnetic radiation such as X rays and gamma rays can be dangerous to human beings. Operating at a frequency of 10 to the power of 18 through 10 to the power of 22 mhz, these rays, which are well above the visible light spectrum, were first detected in the early years of the twentieth century. However, until now, no one has ever suggested that microwave radiation might also be harmful.In preliminary laboratory results, Cleary and Milham have found elevated growth rates in cancer cells exposed to low doses of microwaves. Cleary exposed cancer cells to levels of radiation that are commonly found in microwave ovens and found that the abnormal cells grew 30 percent faster than did unexposed cells. Milham’s study focused on ham radio operators who are commonly exposed to levels of radiation slightly higher than those emitted by cellular telephones. He discovered elevated levels of myeloid leukemia. The methodology of Cleary and Milham has been questioned by other scientists in the field. However, no one seriously disputes that their preliminary finding must be taken seriously or that new studies should be set up to try to duplicate their results. Although federal guidelines for how much electromagnetic energy can be allowed to enter the work and home environment have been made more stringent since they were first implemented in 1982, the re cent studies pose troubling questions about the safety of microwaves.  


Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the studies conducted by Cleary and Milham? 
 
o Cleary’s results were better documented than Milham’s 
 
o Neither study is scientifically valid.  


o Both studies indicated that microwaves were more harmful than X rays. 
 
o The final results were not in at the time the article was written. 


o The results of both studies were based on the same scientific data. 


  Some words will make a statement very unclear so that nobody can argue over it.


They can be a part of the correct answer.


Here is a list:
 usually  
 sometimes
 may   
 can  
 some  
 most


Some words make a statement so clear that anybody can argue over it.
They may belong to wrong choices.
Look at the following:  
always  
must  
everybody  
all 
absolute   
complete  
never